The 15 Points that makes up a TIC
Per IRS Revenue Ruling 2002-22
(This is an extract from the ruling itself. It includes the first and sometimes second
sentence under each heading, but has deleted the rest and is not meant to be used as a
sole reference to the Revenue Ruling.)
1. Tenancy in Common Ownership
Each of the co-owners must hold title to the Property (either directly or through a
disregarded entity) as a tenant in common under local law.
2. Number of Co-Owners
The number of co-owners must be limited to no more than 35 persons.
3. No Treatment of Co-Ownership as an Entity.
The co-ownership may not file a partnership or corporate tax return, conduct business
under a common name, execute an agreement identifying any or all of the co-owners as
partners, shareholders, or members of a business entity, or otherwise hold itself out
as a partnership or other form of business entity (nor may the co-owners hold themselves
out as partners, shareholders, or members of a business entity).
4. Co-Ownership Agreement
The co-owners may enter into a limited co-ownership agreement that may run with the
land. For example, a co-ownership agreement may provide that a co-owner must offer
the co-ownership interest for sale to the other co-owners, the sponsor, or the lessee
at fair market value (determined as of the time the partition right is exercised)
before exercising any right to partition (see section 6.06 of this revenue procedure
for conditions relating to restrictions on alienation); or that certain actions on
behalf of the co-ownership require the vote of co-owners holding more than 50 percent
of the undivided interests in the Property (see section 6.05 of this revenue procedure
for conditions relating to voting).
5. Voting
The co-owners must retain the right to approve the hiring of any manager, the sale or
other disposition of the Property, any leases of a portion or all of the Property, or
the creation or modification of a blanket lien. Any sale, lease, or re-lease of a
portion or all of the Property, any negotiation or renegotiation of indebtedness
secured by a blanket lien, the hiring of any manager, or the negotiation of any
management contract (or any extension or renewal of such contract) must be by
unanimous approval of the co-owners. For all other actions on behalf of the
co-ownership, the co-owners may agree to be bound by the vote of those holding more
than 50 percent of the undivided interests in the Property.
6. Restrictions on Alienation
In general, each co-owner must have the rights to transfer, partition, and encumber
the co-owner's undivided interest in the Property without the agreement or approval
of any person. However, restrictions on the right to transfer, partition, or encumber
interests in the Property that are required by a lender and that are consistent with
customary commercial lending practices are not prohibited.
7. Sharing Proceeds and Liabilities upon Sale of Property
If the Property is sold, any debt secured by a blanket lien must be satisfied and
the remaining sales proceeds must be distributed to the co-owners.
8. Proportionate Sharing of Profits and Losses
Each co-owner must share in all revenues generated by the Property and all costs
associated with the Property in proportion to the co-owner's undivided interest in
the Property. Neither the other co-owners, nor the sponsor, nor the manager may
advance funds to a co-owner to meet expenses associated with the co-ownership
interest, unless the advance is recourse to the co-owner (and, where the co-owner is
a disregarded entity, the owner of the co-owner) and is not for a period exceeding
31 days.
9. Proportionate Sharing of Debt
The co-owners must share in any indebtedness secured by a blanket lien in proportion
to their undivided interests.
10. Options
A co-owner may issue an option to purchase the co-owner's undivided interest (call
option), provided that the exercise price for the call option reflects the fair
market value of the Property determined as of the time the option is exercised.
For this purpose, the fair market value of an undivided interest in the Property
is equal to the co-owner's percentage interest in the Property multiplied by the
fair market value of the Property as a whole.
11. No Business Activities
The co-owners' activities must be limited to those customarily performed in
connection with the maintenance and repair of rental real property (customary
activities).
12. Management and Brokerage Agreements
The co-owners may enter into management or brokerage agreements, which must be
renewable no less frequently than annually, with an agent, who may be the sponsor
or a co-owner (or any person related to the sponsor or a co-owner), but who may
not be a lessee. The management agreement may authorize the manager to maintain a
common bank account for the collection and deposit of rents and to offset expenses
associated with the Property against any revenues before disbursing each co-owner's
share of net revenues. In all events, however, the manager must disburse to the
co-owners their shares of net revenues within 3 months from the date of receipt of
those revenues. The management agreement may also authorize the manager to prepare
statements for the co-owners showing their shares of revenue and costs from the
Property. In addition, the management agreement may authorize the manager to obtain
or modify insurance on the Property, and to negotiate modifications of the terms of
any lease or any indebtedness encumbering the Property, subject to the approval of
the co-owners.
13. Leasing Agreements
All leasing arrangements must be bona fide leases for federal tax purposes. Rents
paid by a lessee must reflect the fair market value for the use of the Property.
The determination of the amount of the rent must not depend, in whole or in part,
on the income or profits derived by any person from the Property leased (other
than an amount based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales).
14. Loan Agreements
The lender with respect to any debt that encumbers the Property or with respect
to any debt incurred to acquire an undivided interest in the Property may not be
a related person to any co-owner, the sponsor, the manager, or any lessee of the
Property.
15. Payments to Sponsor
Except as otherwise provided in this revenue procedure, the amount of any payment
to the sponsor for the acquisition of the co-ownership interest (and the amount
of any fees paid to the sponsor for services) must reflect the fair market value
of the acquired co-ownership interest (or the services rendered) and may not
depend, in whole or in part, on the income or profits derived by any person from
the Property.
|